This study were conducted to understand the effect of abiotic factors on the natural forests in the safeen mountain region in its northern view represented by two localities ( Chneran and Aqoban ) and the southern view represented by other two localities ( Kani kolk and Gerdamas ) in Shaqlawa town which connected to Erbil governorate where the study of plant covering for each view represented by two locations , one of these locations were deteriorated and the other with less deterioration. A comparision between these four locations were conducted in both views according to the effective factors of deterioration under environmental conditions which dominant in this region . This study include Several aspects concentrated on the taxonomic aspects to identify the species of forest trees and shrubs and the annual and biennial herbs and perennial herbs in these regions and consists of cupped oak Quercus aegilops L. and gall oak Quercus Infectoria Oliv. And wild syrian pear Pyrus syriaca Boiss and oriental hawthorn Crataegus azarolus L. and natural plum Prunus microcarpa C.A.Mey and also study the four plant Characters (Length , diameter , number of trees and branch numbers), And the average length of cupped oak in the four regions ( 2.42 , 3.83 , 3.60 , 2.82 ) m consecution and to gall oak ( 2.20 , 0.82 , 2.79 , 1.54 )m consecution , wild syrian pear (0.63 , 0.61 , 0 , 0.21 ) m consecution , oriental hawthorn (1.13, 1.61 , 1.69 , 2.41 ) m consecution, natural plum ( 0.89 , 0.66 , 1.97 , 1.1 ) m consecution, And the average diameter of cupped oak in the four regions were (4.15 , 8.70 , 7.73 , 5.27 , ) cm consecution , and to gall oak ( 4.63 , 1.66 , 8.69 , 3.78 ) cm consecution , and , wild syrian pear (1.46 , 3.4 , 0 , 0.37 ) cm , oriental hawthorn ( 2.31 , 5.32 , 5.25 , 9.43 ) cm ,And natural plum ( 0.77 , 0.47 , 1.37 , 0.95 ) cm consecution, And the average of number of branches of cupped oak in the four regions were (6.05 , 6.1 , 5.5 , 7.35 )branch , gall oak ( 4.15 , 4.35 , 3.5 , 6.61 ) branch, wild syrian pear ( 0.57 , 4.27 , 0 , 0.25) branch , oriental hawthorn ( 2.12 , 2.87 , 3.2 , 0.25 ) branch and to natural plum ( 9.45 , 4.87 , 16.75 , 18.57 ) branch consecution , And the average of number of trees in the area (20*20)m of cupped oak in the four regions were (31.75 , 27.5 , 29 , 30.75 ) tree , gall oak (21 , 8.5 , 8 , 13.75 )tree, , wild syrian pear ( 1 , 14.5 , 0 , 1 ) tree , oriental hawthorn ( 2.5 , 8.5 , 1 , 3 ) tree , and to natural plum٢٦.٧٥, 2 42.5 , 4.5) tree consecution. for the herbs and annual and biennial grasses represented by (14) annual plants and (3) biennial plants and (5) perennial plants . The present study also include investigations, about the physical and chemical characteristics e-ISSN (2522-7130) p-ISSN (2410-1036) of the soils in the regions of the study , the percent of the nutritional elements in the soils of the four regions ( Chneran , Aqoban , Kani kolk and Gerdamas ) , and the average Phosphorus concentrations were (5.7, 3.4 , 3.5 , 5.6 ) ppm . Calcium (29.72 , 32.21 , 36.21 , 30.46) ppm . Potassium (4.0, 4.9 , 2.8 , 4.2 ) ppm .Nitrogen (%0.123 , % 0.141 , % 0.102 , % 0.091) , the organic matter (% 1.85 , %7.38 , % 1.95 , % 2.72 ) , the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) ( 7.75 , 7.40 , 7.81 , 7.61 ) , the electric conductivity (0.24 , 0.22 , 0.27 , 0.25 ) respectively . The soil type for all the four regions were belongs to clay type ( mud type ) . The present study also invistegated the regional climatic conditions like temperature , the amounts of water falls and relative humidity. The average yearly temperature were between ( 10.5 – 23.8 ) degree and the yearly average were ( 17.3) degree , the realative humidity were between ( 42.6 – 64.8 ) and the average were (53.2 ) , and the yearly amount of the water fall were ( 74.5 ) mm for safeen mountain ( Chneran , Aqoban ) and for the southern view of safeen mountain ( Kany kolk , Gerdamas ), the average yearly temperature were between ( 13.6 – 22.7 ) degree and the yearly average were (18.2) degree, the average of yearly relative humidity were between ( 42.2 – 62) and the average were (77.9) and the yearly water fall were (47.2) . The amount of restricted rain water in the crowns of oak trees in the rainy seasons were measured .The information’s about the influence of pruning and constructions of stone barriers and basins around trees were investigated . The percent of humidity of the soil around the healthy trees roots with the barriers were (% 18.84) and without the barriers were (% 15.26) and the prune trees with barriers were (% 26.87) and without the barriers were (% 19.12). The cutting trees with stone barriers were (%14.08) and without barriers (% 10.46) . The study also showed the effect of forest fire on plant covers and the availability of nutritional elements in the soils which exposed in higher degrees to fire in comparison with these exposed by lower degrees to fire , where the percent of Nitrogen in the region highly exposed to fire were kany kolk (% 0.86) in comparison with (% 0.095) for the low exposure region Gerdamas , while the content of soil organic matter content in the region exposed to fire were (% 1.79) and (% 2.85) for the low exposed region .